Veterinary nephrology focuses on diagnosing and treating kidney diseases in animals. The kidneys are responsible for maintaining fluid balance, filtering waste, regulating electrolytes, and regulating blood pressure. Common kidney diseases include:

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Progressive loss of kidney function, common in older pets.
• Symptoms: Increased thirst and urination, weight loss, decreased appetite, vomiting, lethargy, and poor coat condition. 
• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Sudden kidney failure from toxins, infection, injury, or severe dehydration.
• Symptoms: Sudden onset of vomiting, lethargy, decreased urine output (or none at all), and anorexia.
• Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units.
• Symptoms: Protein in the urine, high blood pressure, and signs of kidney failure. 
• Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Genetic disorder leading to kidney failure, often seen in Persian cats.
• Symptoms: Similar to CKD, including increased thirst, weight loss, and poor appetite. 
• Kidney Stones: Stones that block the urinary tract.
• Symptoms: Blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, and abdominal pain.
• Pyelonephritis: Bacterial infection of the kidneys.
• Symptoms: Fever, pain in the kidney area, vomiting, and increased or decreased urination. 

Diagnosis includes blood tests, urinalysis, and imaging (ultrasound/X-ray).

Treatments range from dietary changes to medications and fluid therapy, with dialysis available in severe cases.

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Regular Veterinary Check-ups for early detection.
• Proper Hydration: Ensuring access to clean fresh water at all times.
• Avoiding Toxins: Preventing access to substances like antifreeze, certain medications and toxic plants that can damage the kidneys.